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Detailed explanation of the process principle of low-temperature constant temperature reaction bath
Date: 2025-06-17Read: 9
The process principle of low-temperature constant temperature reaction bath is mainly based on the collaborative work of three major systems: refrigeration cycle, precise temperature control, and uniform stirring of the medium, as follows:
1、 Working principle of refrigeration system
1. Compression process: The compressor compresses refrigerant (such as Freon) into high-temperature and high-pressure gas.
2. Condensation process: High temperature gaseous refrigerant dissipates heat and liquefies in the condenser, converting into high-pressure liquid.
3. Throttling process: High pressure liquid refrigerant is depressurized and cooled by an expansion valve, becoming a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid.
4. Evaporation process: Low temperature refrigerant absorbs heat from the working medium (such as ethylene glycol solution) in the bath in the evaporator, achieving cooling. After self vaporization, it enters the compressor cycle again.
2、 Temperature control system
1. Temperature monitoring: Sensors detect the temperature of the medium in real time and provide feedback to the control unit.
2. PID regulation: The control unit dynamically adjusts the cooling power or heater (if any) working status by comparing the set value with the actual temperature through PID algorithm
3. When the temperature is too high, enhance cooling; When the temperature is too low, start heating or reduce cooling.
4. Wide range temperature control: supports precise temperature maintenance within the range of -40 ℃ to 100 ℃ (depending on the device model).
3、 Mixing and circulation system
1. Medium homogenization: The bottom magnetic stirrer drives the stirring blade to rotate, eliminating temperature gradients in the bath and ensuring consistent temperature distribution in the reaction system.
2. Circulation function: Some devices are equipped with circulation pumps, which can divert low-temperature media to other reaction vessels, achieving multi-purpose use of one machine.
4、 Core steps of the operation process
1. Media addition: Inject thermal conductive liquid (such as water or antifreeze solution) and reaction reagents into the bath.
2. Set parameters: Input the target temperature and time through the thermostat.
3. Start up operation: The refrigeration/heating system works synchronously with the mixer to reach and maintain the set temperature.
4. End processing: Shut down the device, empty the medium, and clean and maintain.
5、 Security Design
Integrate multiple safety mechanisms such as liquid level alarm, overload protection, and leakage protection.
The low-temperature constant temperature reaction bath achieves a low-temperature environment through a refrigeration cycle, combined with PID temperature control algorithm and stirring system to maintain uniform and stable temperature, providing reliable conditions for low-temperature reactions in fields such as chemistry and biology.
