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Structure and principle of vacuum pressure reducing concentrator
Date: 2024-07-31Read: 4
A vacuum pressure concentrator is a process that removes solvents from a solution to achieve concentration. By reducing air pressure, the boiling point of the solution is lowered, thereby achieving rapid concentration. This device is mainly used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, and chemicals.
The vacuum pressure reducing concentrator consists of the following parts:
1. Evaporator: Evaporator is a device that converts liquid into gas through heating. It uses imported high-quality materials and can choose different evaporators for different types of substances. Add the concentrated liquid to the evaporator and heat the solution to the evaporation temperature through the heat exchange tubes inside the evaporator, thereby partially evaporating it.
2. Condenser: Install a condenser at the top of the evaporator to condense the evaporated solvent into a liquid and collect it.
3. Vacuum pump: It can reduce the pressure inside the evaporator to the required vacuum level, allowing solids or liquids with lower solubility to eventually form a denser form.
4. Cleaning system: During the entire operation process, a large amount of gas may be generated, and these gases may also contain toxic and harmful substances. Without a cleaning system, it is impossible to have a safe, compliant, and sustainable production environment.
The working principle of vacuum pressure reducing concentrator is designed based on the different boiling points of substances. Under normal pressure conditions, liquids need to overcome the pressure of external gases in order to become vapor. Therefore, liquid molecules in liquids need to have sufficient kinetic energy to overcome pressure and detach from the liquid surface, while the vapor pressure of solvents increases with temperature. However, open solvents are not conducive to separating solid residues or concentrated solutions. Therefore, using vacuum to reduce the pressure during solvent evaporation can achieve the evaporation of various solvents from the solution to the air at a lower temperature, and the total solvent can be separated from the vapor using condensate.
The core of the vacuum drop rate and pressure reduction process is the diffusion rate. In a vacuum environment, the lower the air pressure, the lower the probability of collisions between molecules, and the lower the diffusion rate. This is also the reason why upgrading the vacuum pump is needed to generate extremely low vacuum levels. Temperature is the driving force for molecular evaporation. When a liquid is heated, it needs to absorb a large amount of heat to give the molecules enough kinetic energy, which is called latent heat of evaporation. The latent heat of evaporation of most liquids is relatively large, making it difficult to heat them using other methods.
The vacuum pressure reducing concentrator uses vacuum to lower the boiling point of the solution, reducing the energy of heat, that is, reducing the energy carried away by the solute by the solvent, achieving the effect of reducing the solvent. In addition, the lower temperature during the decompression process can reduce some reactions such as polymer polymerization, oxidation, and deterioration.