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The process principle of high-pressure close decoction machine
Date: 2025-08-05Read: 34
The process principle of the high-pressure sealed decoction machine is based on the synergistic effect of high temperature and high pressure, which increases the boiling point through physical pressure, forces the efficient dissolution of medicinal ingredients, and prevents volatilization. The core process is as follows:
1、 Core principle: High pressure and high temperature efficiency extraction
1. Pressure driven boiling point jump
Pressurize to 0.15~0.25MPa in a closed environment (industrial models can reach 0.4MPa), raising the boiling point of water to 110~120 ℃ (atmospheric boiling point is 100 ℃), and the cell wall of medicinal materials rapidly ruptures at high temperatures.
High pressure forces the medicinal solution to penetrate deep into the medicinal material, dissolving lipophilic components and insoluble active substances (such as alkaloids and flavonoids).
2. Dynamic cycle enhanced extraction
The medicinal solution is forced to circulate through the pump body in the decoction tank, forming a high-speed vortex to wash away the medicinal materials and avoid sedimentation and gelatinization.
Continuous pressurization causes steam to condense and reflux, locking volatile components (such as menthol and paeonol) within the system.
2、 Detailed explanation of the three-stage process
1. Preheating and pressurization stage
Medicinal herbs and quantitative water (usually 1:5-1:10) are put into a closed tank, heated to a slightly boiling state with electricity, and then the system is closed.
The pressure valve automatically pressurizes to the set value (such as 0.15MPa), and the water temperature exceeds 100 ℃ to enter a sub boiling state.
2. Constant pressure extraction stage
Maintain the target pressure for 30-60 minutes, and continuously apply high temperature and high pressure to the medicinal tissue. The effective ingredient dissolution rate is increased by 15% -40% compared to normal pressure decoction.
The built-in mixer operates intermittently (such as running for 1 minute every 10 minutes) to prevent medicinal herbs from clumping.
3. Vacuum concentration stage
Turn off the heating and slowly release the pressure to atmospheric pressure by opening the pressure reducing valve (to avoid boiling the medicine).
The liquid medicine is automatically discharged through a built-in filter screen, and some models are equipped with a secondary concentration function, which evaporates excess water through waste heat to achieve the standard concentration of the liquid medicine.
3、 Technical advantages and effects
1. Ingredient improvement: High temperature and high pressure damage plant cell walls, increasing the dissolution rate of insoluble components (such as glycosides and polysaccharides) by more than 30%.
2. Preventing volatilization loss: The sealed environment retains volatile substances, and the retention rate of effective ingredients in peppermint medicinal materials can reach twice that of normal pressure decoction.
3. Sterilization synchronization: High temperature sterilization of microorganisms at ≥ 110 ℃, and the total number of bacterial colonies in the medicine solution meets the requirements of the "Management Standards for Decoction Rooms in Medical Institutions".
4. Energy saving and time-saving: With compression, the extraction time is shortened by 50%. Industrial models can be linked with multiple tanks to achieve continuous production.
4、 Key points of safety design
1. Intelligent pressure regulation:
Real time monitoring of dual channel pressure sensors, automatic power-off and pressure relief in case of overpressure.
Redundant backup of mechanical safety valve (jump pressure 0.3MPa).
2. Anti dry burning protection: The liquid level sensor is linked to the heating system, and the power is automatically cut off when the water level is low.
Note: This process is suitable for rhizomes (such as Astragalus membranaceus and Aconitum), minerals (such as gypsum), and hard textured medicinal herbs, but for some delicate flowers and leaves (such as honeysuckle), the decoction time needs to be shortened to within 20 minutes to avoid ingredient damage.
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