Ultra high temperature and ultra-high pressure reactorWidely used in various chemical enterprises such as chemical, pharmaceutical, dye, food, and biochemical industries. According to the different pressure requirements of the process, chemical reactions can be carried out under open, closed, pressurized, or negative pressure conditions.
Due to the fact that the equipment belongs to high-temperature and high-pressure products, it is highly dangerous and prone to leakage, fire and explosion accidents. Today, the editor will give a brief introduction to the hazards of reactor explosions.
1、 Material issues
Most of the materials in the ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure reactor belong to hazardous chemicals. If the material belongs to substances with low self ignition point and flash point, once leaked, it will form an explosive mixture with air, which may cause fire and explosion when encountering ignition sources (open flames, sparks, static electricity, etc.); If the material belongs to toxic substances, once leaked, it may cause poisoning and suffocation of personnel; If the material quality is not up to standard, it can also cause explosion accidents.
2、 Manufacturing issues with equipment and devices
Unreasonable reactor design, discontinuous equipment structure shape, improper arrangement of welds, etc. may cause stress concentration; Improper material selection, inadequate welding quality during container manufacturing, and improper heat treatment may reduce material toughness; The corrosion of the container shell by corrosive media, reduced strength, or missing safety accessories may all cause the container to explode during use.
3、 Uncontrolled reaction leading to fire and explosion
Many chemical reactions, such as oxidation, chlorination, nitrification, polymerization, etc., are strongly exothermic reactions. If the reaction loses control or encounters sudden power or water outages, resulting in the accumulation of reaction heat, a sharp increase in temperature and pressure inside the reaction vessel, exceeding its pressure resistance capacity, it can lead to container rupture. The material ejected from the rupture may cause a fire or explosion accident.
The explosion of the ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure reactor disrupts the equilibrium state of the vapor pressure of the material, and unstable superheated liquid can cause two explosions (steam explosions); The sprayed material rapidly spreads, and the space around the reaction kettle is covered by droplets or vapors of flammable liquid. When encountering an ignition source, there will be three explosions (mixed gas explosions).
The main reasons for uncontrolled reactions include: failure to remove reaction heat in a timely manner, uneven dispersion of reaction materials, and operational errors.
4、 Improper material handling leading to accidents
Many Class A flammable liquids with low flash points enter ultra-high temperature and high pressure reaction vessels through pipelines through liquid pumps or vacuum pumping. Most of these materials are insulating materials with poor conductivity. If the material flow rate is too fast, it will cause the accumulated static electricity to be unable to be dissipated in time, resulting in combustion and explosion accidents.