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Process principle of tubular condenser
Date: 2024-07-24Read: 4
Tube condenser is a common heat transfer device, mainly used for condensing steam or other single component gases at the outlet of the evaporator. This device has the advantages of high heat transfer efficiency, simple structure, small volume, and smaller volume and mass than general finned condensers.
The tube condenser is mainly composed of tube bundles, shells, tube side boxes, partition plates, and flow pipes. Among them, the tube bundle is the core component of the tube condenser, usually consisting of dozens to hundreds of straight pipes, bent pipes or spiral pipes, and fixed by support plates or hangers. The shell is a metal shell that wraps around the entire tube bundle, and its function is to maintain the flow direction of high-pressure gas inside the tube bundle, and to connect the inlet and outlet of the fluid through inlet and outlet pipelines.
The heat transfer process of the fluid inside the tube condenser can be summarized as follows: high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the tube bundle, and through heat transfer with the tube wall, the gas temperature rapidly decreases. At the same time, the condensate produced is continuously collected and finally discharged through the collector inside the shell.
1. Temperature field distribution
The heat transfer process between gas and tube wall in a tubular condenser is accomplished through gas flow and heat conduction. Due to the viscosity of gas, the trajectory of gas around the pipe wall is influenced by the frictional force present on the pipe wall. Gas has different velocity distributions along the axial and circumferential directions in the tube, resulting in different temperature field distributions in space.
2. Heat transfer process
The heat transfer process between gas and tube wall in a tubular condenser can be divided into two processes: convective heat transfer and heat conduction heat transfer. Among them, convective heat transfer refers to the heat transfer process completed by the flow of gas inside the tube through thermal conduction with the tube wall, while thermal conduction heat transfer refers to the heat transfer process completed between the gas and the shell through thermal conduction.
3. Fluid distribution
In a tubular condenser, the gas entering the tube bundle undergoes temperature reduction and condensation through heat conduction and convection with the tube wall under the action of high-speed flow. The condensed liquid is quickly collected through the separation tray or liquid flow guide plate at the bottom of the tube, flows into the collector inside the shell, and finally discharged from the outlet.
When using a tubular condenser, its operation control needs to be considered to ensure normal performance. Generally speaking, the operation control of a tubular condenser involves the following aspects:
1. Temperature control: According to the requirements of the operating environment, it is necessary to monitor and control the temperature of the fluid inside the condenser.
2. Pressure control: In order to ensure the normal operation of the condenser, it is necessary to monitor and control the pressure of the fluid inside the condenser.
3. Flow control: In order to ensure normal usage, it is necessary to control and adjust the flow inside the condenser.