Fan performance test box

The fan performance test bench is a specialized equipment used to test key parameters such as aerodynamic performance, efficiency, and noise of fans (such as centrifugal fans, axial fans, etc.). By simulating actual working conditions, data such as air volume, air pressure, power, and efficiency curves of the fan can be obtained, providing a basis for product development, quality testing, and energy efficiency evaluation. The following are the components, testing methods, and key points of the fan performance test bench:

1、 Core components of the test bench

1. Power system

Drive motor: Variable frequency motor or servo motor, used to adjust the fan speed.

Torque sensor: measures the input power (shaft power) of the fan.

Frequency converter: controls motor speed and simulates different working conditions.

2. Measuring device

Airflow measurement: using chamber method (such as nozzle, orifice plate), pitot tube or hot wire anemometer.

Wind pressure measurement: differential pressure sensor (static pressure, dynamic pressure, total pressure).

Temperature and humidity sensor: corrects the impact of air density on test results.

Noise meter: Evaluate the operating noise of the fan (such as A-level sound at a distance of 1 meter).

3. Control system

Data acquisition system (DAQ): Real time acquisition of pressure, flow, power and other signals.

Software platform: Automatically generate performance curves (such as wind volume wind pressure curve, efficiency curve).

4. Pipeline system

Test air duct: closed or open structure, in accordance with ISO 5801, AMCA 210 and other standards.

Adjust the air damper: change the system resistance and simulate different operating points.

2、 Main testing parameters

1. Pneumatic performance

Airflow (Q, m ³/s), static pressure (Ps, Pa), total pressure (Pt, Pa).

O-axis power (P, kW), efficiency (η,%): including static pressure efficiency and total pressure efficiency.

Performance curve: Draw Q-Ps, Q-Pt, Q - η and other curves.

2. Noise testing

Sound pressure level (dB (A)) and spectral analysis (1/3 octave band).

3. Vibration test (optional)

Bearing vibration velocity (mm/s) or acceleration (m/s ²).

3、 Test bench type

1. Open test bench

The inlet or outlet of the fan is directly connected to the atmosphere, suitable for low-pressure and low air volume testing.

The structure is simple and the cost is low, but the accuracy is affected by environmental airflow interference.

2. Closed test bench

The fan is installed in a closed air duct and the flow is controlled by adjusting the air damper.

High precision, compliant with ISO 5801 standard, suitable for testing medium and high pressure fans.

3. Multi condition test bench

It can simulate complex working conditions such as variable speed and variable wind resistance, and is used for performance analysis of fans under all working conditions.

4、 Testing process (taking a closed test bench as an example)

1. Calibration equipment: calibrate sensors and check the sealing of air ducts.

2. Install the fan: Ensure that the inlet and outlet are aligned with the air duct to reduce eddy current losses.

3. Set operating conditions: Adjust the speed of the frequency converter and the opening of the air damper, covering the range of air volume (from closing the air damper to fully opening).

4. Data collection: Record Q, Ps, Pt, power, and other data at each stable operating point.

5. Data processing: Calculate efficiency, draw performance curves, and generate test reports.

5、 Key standards and specifications

1. International standards

o ISO 5801: Industrial fans - Performance testing in standardized airways.

o AMCA 210: Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Ratings.

2. Domestic standards

GB/T 1236-2017 "Standardized Duct Performance Test for Industrial Ventilators".

JB/T 10562-2020 "Technical Conditions for General Purpose Centrifugal Ventilators".

6、 Application scenarios

1. R&D testing: Optimize impeller design and verify CFD simulation results.

2. Factory inspection: Ensure that the fan meets the performance parameters specified in the contract.

3. Energy efficiency certification: Obtain the energy efficiency level of the fan (such as China Energy Efficiency Label, EUROVENT certification).

4. Fault diagnosis: Analyze the causes of abnormal fan vibration and noise.

Precautions

1. Environmental conditions: Before testing, it is necessary to record atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and correct air density.

2. System resistance: The air duct design needs to reduce local resistance (such as bends and abrupt sections).

3. Safety protection: High speed rotating parts need to be equipped with protective covers, and explosion-proof motors should be used in explosion-proof environments.

Through the fan performance test bench, the actual performance of the fan can be comprehensively evaluated, providing reliable data support for design improvement, energy efficiency enhancement, and user selection.