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The structural principle of reverse osmosis purified water equipment
Date: 2024-11-15Read: 5
Reverse osmosis purified water (RO) technology is a water treatment technique that separates pure water from a reverse osmosis membrane under high pressure. The principle is to use the characteristic of semi permeable membranes that only allow water molecules to pass through, to remove ions, plankton, organic matter and other substances from the source water, thereby achieving the goal of purifying water. Reverse osmosis purified water is widely used in industries such as biomedicine, electricity, chemicals, beverages, and food.
The reverse osmosis purified water system mainly consists of three parts: pretreatment system, RO equipment, and post-treatment system. The following will provide a detailed introduction to the functions and process principles of each component.
1、 Preprocessing system
The pretreatment system is mainly used for pre-treatment of raw water, with the aim of removing dissolved organic matter such as suspended solids, sediment, hardness substances, and microorganisms, reducing pollution in RO equipment, and preventing damage to RO membranes. The pre-treatment system will be designed and selected based on the water quality of the raw water. Typically, pre-processing systems include the following devices:
1. Physical filter: Using different sizes of filter cartridges, filter screens, and filters, impurities and suspended solids in the source water are filtered out of the water for the next step of water quality treatment.
2. Nanofiltration device: also known as ultrafiltration device, can filter out suspended particles and high molecular organic matter with a diameter less than 0.01 microns. This technology is commonly used in the electronics industry.
3. Ion exchanger: By using materials such as anion and cation exchange resins and anti ion membranes, cations and anions in raw water are removed to reduce pollution of RO equipment.
2、 RO equipment
RO equipment is mainly composed of RO membranes, which are divided into different materials and structures according to specific requirements. Currently, the common RO membranes on the market are aromatic polyamide membranes and composite polyester membranes. RO equipment is mainly divided into single-stage, two-stage, and multi-stage RO equipment. RO systems typically include not only a combination of RO membranes, but also supporting equipment such as inlet and outlet pipelines, high-pressure pumps, control valves, flow meters, pressure gauges, etc. The following is the process principle of RO equipment:
1. Separation principle of RO membrane
RO membrane is a semi permeable membrane that allows water molecules to pass through, but prevents solutes (including organic matter, metal ions, chemicals, etc.) from passing through. Under the action of the high-pressure pump, the raw water entering the RO equipment is divided into two parts, one of which is pressurized through the RO membrane and forms purified water; The other part is blocked in the concentrated water chamber on the other side of the RO membrane and discharged. This process is called reverse osmosis
2. Principle of RO membrane combination
In RO equipment, the RO membrane is not used alone, usually in a ternary combination mode, which uses a model of one RO membrane and two semi permeable membranes. The main reason for doing so is to ensure the theoretical water production and commercial water quality of the RO equipment.
3、 Post processing system
RO membrane can efficiently remove most pollutants, but it may also leave behind some trace pollutants that are difficult to remove, such as fungicides and disinfectants. Therefore, optional post-treatment equipment is needed to further purify the water quality. Common post-processing equipment includes:
1. UV sterilizer: Using ultraviolet radiation to irradiate water, it can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microorganisms.
2. Ozone oxidizer: capable of oxidizing organic compounds, odorous substances, metal ions and other substances, used to improve the sweetness and taste of water quality.
3. Activated carbon filter: Small molecule impurities such as organic matter and chlorides are adsorbed, further improving water quality.
