Tensile strength testing machine

Tensile strength testing machine(also known as universal material testing machine) is a key equipment used to determine the mechanical properties of materials under tensile load, widely used in the fields of materials science, industrial manufacturing, and quality inspection. The following is a detailed description of it:

1、 Core Structure and Composition

1. Loading Framework

• rigid structureHigh strength steel is usually used to ensure stability and accuracy during the testing process.

• Beam designThe upper crossbeam is fixed, and the lower crossbeam moves through the power system to form a stretching or compression space.

2. power system

• hydraulic driveSuitable for high load testing (such as metal and building components), providing tension ranging from several tons to thousands of tons.

• Electric servo motorUsed for high-precision, low load testing (such as plastic and fiber), with a resolution of up to 0.1 μ m.

3. Fixture system

• metal materialWedge fixtures and threaded fixtures to prevent slipping.

• polymer materialsPneumatic flat mouth fixture to avoid stress concentration.

• Textile/filmWire contact fixture, evenly distributed load.

4. Sensing and Measurement System
   

• Streptometer: Contact type (gauge length 25-50mm, accuracy ± 1 μ m)

• Non contact: laser or video extensometer, suitable for brittle materials.

• force sensorStrain gauges or piezoelectric type, with an accuracy of within ± 0.5%.

• Deformation measurement：

• Displacement encoderMeasure the displacement of the crossbeam with a resolution of 0.1 μ m.

5. Data Collection and Control

• High speed samplingUp to 1000Hz, accurately capturing the yield point.

• closed-loop controlSupports three control modes: stress, strain, and displacement, in compliance with standards such as ASTM E8/E21 and ISO 6892.

2、 Working principle

1. Sample installationProcess the sample according to the standard (such as ASTM D638 plastic sample), clamp it, and preload to eliminate gaps.

2. Loading phase：

• elastic stageRecord the proportional limit and Young's modulus (slope Δσ/Δε).

• yield stageDetermine the yield strength using the slope method or offset method (0.2% plastic strain).

• Strengthening phaseMonitor the maximum load point and calculate the tensile strength (σ=F_max/A ₀).

• Cervical fractureRecord the elongation at break and the reduction in cross-sectional area.

3. data analysisAutomatically generate stress-strain curves, calculate key parameters, and export reports.

3、 Technical parameters and selection

4、 Advanced features

• Multi axis testingEquipped with torsion and bending modules to achieve composite stress testing.

• Digital Image Correlation (DIC)Full field strain mapping, analyzing local deformation.

• Acoustic emission detectionReal time monitoring of internal damage evolution of materials.

• Automated IntegrationCollaborate with robots to achieve unmanned batch testing.

5、 Typical application cases

1. aerospaceTest titanium alloy fasteners (tensile strength ≥ 900MPa).

2. automotive industryVerify the breaking strength of seat belt webbing (ISO 3795).

3. 3D printingEvaluate the anisotropy of PLA material (Z-axis strength is 30-50% lower than XY axis).

6、 Safety and Maintenance

• overload protectionDual redundancy design of electronic limit and mechanical safety.

• periodic calibrationISO 7500-1 certification through NIST traceable standard force sensors.

• Environmental Requirements：温度23 ±2°C， 湿度50 ±10%（ASTM D618）。

Tensile strength testing machineBy quantifying the ultimate bearing capacity of materials, key data support is provided for product design, failure analysis, and standardized certification, making it a precision testing equipment for modern industry.